The number of hypertension patients in Korea continues to rise, but only about half of them maintain their blood pressure within the appropriate range, according to health authorities. While the condition is often neglected due to the absence of noticeable symptoms, experts warn that consistent management is essential, as it can lead to fatal complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction and kidney failure.
The Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) said Wednesday, ahead of World Hypertension Day on May 17, that regular blood pressure monitoring, lifestyle improvements and medication adherence are paramount for preventing and managing the condition.
Hypertension is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure remains at 140 mmHg or higher, or diastolic blood pressure at 90 mmHg or higher. In the early stages, distinct symptoms are rarely present, so many patients are unaware they have the condition. However, when blood pressure stays elevated over long periods, blood vessels become damaged, increasing the risk of severe conditions including stroke, angina, heart failure, chronic kidney disease and retinal disorders. For this reason, hypertension is often called the "silent killer."
According to a KDCA survey, the prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 19 and older last year stood at 26.3 percent for men and 17.7 percent for women. Compared with the previous year, the rates rose 2.9 percentage points for men and 1.2 percentage points for women.
Based on national health insurance statistics, the number of hypertension patients in Korea reached 7,605,577 in 2024. According to the "2024 Hypertension Fact Sheet" released by the Korean Society of Hypertension, the actual number of people aged 20 or older with hypertension, including undiagnosed cases, is estimated at approximately 13 million.
Notably, hypertension is no longer regarded as a disease affecting only middle-aged and older adults. Patients in their 20s and 30s are estimated at about 890,000. The problem is that younger people are more likely to be unaware of their condition, and even after diagnosis, fewer continue treatment. Disease awareness and treatment rates in this age group remain in the 30 percent range, significantly lower than in other age brackets.
Experts cite "regular blood pressure measurement" as the cornerstone of hypertension management. Using a home blood pressure monitor to check readings at fixed times in the morning and evening allows individuals to quickly detect changes in their condition. Reducing salt intake, maintaining a diet centered on vegetables and fruits, and engaging in aerobic exercise three to five times a week are also beneficial. Quitting smoking, moderating alcohol consumption and maintaining an appropriate weight are likewise essential.
Patients already diagnosed with hypertension should not stop taking their medication on their own, even if symptoms are absent. Blood pressure medications must be taken consistently over the long term to reduce the risk of complications, and regular hospital visits to monitor blood pressure and cardiovascular risk are important. Patients are advised to consult medical professionals to set individualized target blood pressure levels and establish management plans.
The KDCA and the Korean Society of Hypertension are conducting a nationwide blood pressure measurement campaign called "K-MMM26" through July 31. Local governments and public health centers will also offer blood pressure measurement and health counseling for residents to encourage early detection and lifestyle improvements.
"Even without symptoms, hypertension can quietly cause vascular damage," the KDCA said. "Simply checking blood pressure regularly and improving lifestyle habits can significantly reduce the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease."
