A small increase in the share of ultra-processed foods in one's daily diet may significantly reduce cognitive function, according to a new study.
U.S. broadcaster CNN reported Tuesday (local time), citing research from Monash University in Australia, that a 10% rise in the share of ultra-processed foods in the diet was linked to a noticeable decline in visual attention and information processing speed.
The study involved about 2,000 adults aged 40 to 70 and also found a parallel increase in dementia risk indicators. The 10% increase was equivalent to adding a bag of potato chips or a can of soda to the daily diet, researchers said.
The researchers noted, however, that the findings established a correlation rather than a direct causal link.
"Healthy Eating Not Enough"… Processing Method Itself Is the Problem
Notably, the trend persisted regardless of the overall healthiness of the diet. Even among those following a diet centered on vegetables and whole grains, the link between a higher share of ultra-processed foods and cognitive decline did not disappear.
Experts are focusing on the possibility that the "processing method" itself, rather than simply the type of food, may be the key factor. Ultra-processed foods are made by breaking down raw ingredients and reassembling them with additives such as colorings, flavorings and emulsifiers — a process that may have negative effects on the body and brain.
Previous studies have also shown that a higher share of ultra-processed foods in the diet tends to increase the risk of cognitive impairment.
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The researchers identified middle age as the "golden time" for dementia prevention. Reducing consumption of ultra-processed foods and switching to a diet centered on natural foods can lower the long-term risk of cognitive decline, they said. Groups that maintained dietary improvements also showed a reduced risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.
Ultra-processed foods such as instant noodles, sodas, snacks, French fries and frozen meals are often high in sugar, fat and sodium but lack essential nutrients. This can raise the risk of chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes and hypertension, while also affecting gut microbiota and hormonal systems — ultimately harming brain health, experts said.
Professor Cardoso, who led the study, said, "Ultra-processed foods can have negative effects on the endocrine system and gut microbiota, which can lead to neurological problems." He added, "They are also linked to dementia risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and hyperlipidemia, which can indirectly affect cognitive health."
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