Scented products such as candles and air fresheners can irritate the nose and bronchial tubes, potentially triggering inflammation, according to an expert warning.
Kwon Hyouk-soo, a professor of allergy and clinical immunology at Asan Medical Center, recently appeared on the YouTube channel "Jisik Hansang" and identified "scented items" as products he never keeps at home. "Air fresheners, scented candles, and incense — products that burn to produce smoke — are toxic to our bodies," he said. "Just like cigarettes, burning organic matter releases various harmful chemicals." He added that placing such products indoors can generate far more fine dust than outdoor air pollution.
The fragrance from diffusers and air fresheners comes mainly from volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Some VOCs can irritate the nose and bronchial tubes and trigger inflammatory responses. In particular, phthalates contained in some products are classified as endocrine disruptors, and research has raised concerns about their links to respiratory illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis, as well as immune system disruption. Prolonged inhalation can also affect the body's hormonal balance, experts point out.
Limonene, frequently used in lemon- and orange-scented products, is also not safe. The substance is used in combination with other chemicals and can trigger allergic reactions. There are also concerns that when it reacts with ozone in the air, it can produce potentially carcinogenic substances such as formaldehyde.
The problem is that even if there are no immediate abnormalities, long-term cumulative exposure can adversely affect the immune system and brain health. "It is also advisable not to keep air fresheners in the car," Kwon said. "Cleaning and ventilation are important." He added, "Charcoal or zeolite-based dehumidifiers can absorb a lot of odors. It is better to eliminate odors in a relatively natural way."
He also highlighted the risks of indoor air pollution. According to numerous studies, indoor air pollution levels can be higher than outdoor levels. Volatile substances released from mold in air conditioners and bathrooms, furniture finishes, paint, and disinfectants worsen indoor air. These substances accumulate as toluene, phenol, and formaldehyde, which can cause inflammation and immune abnormalities.
"Ventilation is necessary even on days with high fine dust levels," Kwon said. "It is good to open the doors of the house three to four times a day for less than five minutes to quickly circulate the air." He also emphasized the need to ventilate after cooking with gas.
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