Cases of lower back pain are rising sharply among modern-day workers who sit for prolonged hours or spend excessive time on smartphones. When back pain is accompanied by numbness in the buttocks or legs, lumbar disc herniation should be suspected.
Commonly known as a "slipped disc," lumbar disc herniation is one of the most prevalent spinal conditions today. It occurs when the intervertebral disc — the cushion-like structure between vertebrae — slips out of place and compresses nearby nerves, causing pain and neurological symptoms.
The intervertebral disc absorbs shock and allows smooth movement between vertebrae. It consists of a soft, jelly-like nucleus pulposus surrounded by a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus. When the annulus is damaged, the nucleus pushes outward and presses on surrounding nerves.
Degenerative changes and modern lifestyle
