Three Winter Viruses Surge Ahead of New School Year in February

Outbreaks of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections including influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and norovirus continue into February. Increased indoor activity during winter combined with poor ventilation, along with growing group activities at daycare centers and schools ahead of the March semester, are raising concerns about further spread. Health authorities are emphasizing basic hygiene practices such as handwashing and cough etiquette.

According to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency on the 15th, influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses (Types A and B) that spreads through droplets from coughing or sneezing, or via contaminated hands and objects. It is characterized by sudden onset of high fever above 38°C, cough, sore throat, headache, muscle pain, and severe fatigue. Most patients recover with adequate rest and fluid intake, but high-risk groups including infants, elderly, pregnant women, and those with chronic conditions may require antiviral treatment. Medical attention is necessary if breathing difficulties, persistent high fever, or severe exhaustion occur. Vaccination before the outbreak season and hand hygiene are key to prevention.

RSV is a leading cause of respiratory infections in infants during winter. Symptoms including runny nose, cough, and fever appear within 4-6 days of infection, sometimes accompanied by reduced feeding, rapid breathing, and wheezing. Premature infants, babies under 6 months, children with chronic lung disease or congenital heart conditions, and immunocompromised individuals face higher risks of developing bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Immediate medical attention is required if shortness of breath, cyanosis, or apnea is suspected. Preventing contact transmission through disinfecting toys and utensils and handwashing is crucial.

Norovirus is a highly contagious gastrointestinal infection common in winter. It spreads through contaminated food or water, and through hands and objects exposed to infected patients' vomit or feces. Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever appear within 1-2 days of infection, and there is no specific treatment. Fluid replacement to prevent dehydration is most important. Infants and elderly can become dehydrated quickly, requiring medical attention if symptoms are severe. Since transmission remains possible for approximately 48 hours after symptoms subside, delaying return to daycare, school, or work is recommended.

Experts emphasize that while completely blocking viral infections is difficult, thorough adherence to basic practices—washing hands with soap for at least 30 seconds, following cough etiquette, and frequently ventilating indoor spaces—can significantly reduce the spread of infections.